-
.
- Ελληνικά
According to the results of the special survey conducted by the Statistical Service for the compilation of data on scientific research and experimental development, the total expenditure on research activities in Cyprus in 2022 is estimated at €207.0 million and corresponds to 0.75% of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP), compared to €199.5 million.
Figure 1: Research expenditure in the European Union as a percentage of GDP, 2022
Despite the 3.8% increase observed in research expenditure in 2022 compared to 2021, the share of Cyprus' GDP attributable to research and development activities remains low compared to other countries (Figure 1). As an indication, this share in EU Member States averages 2.24% (ranging from 0.46% in Romania, 0.69% in Malta and 0.74% in Latvia, to 3.20% in Austria, 3.40% in Sweden and 3.43% in Belgium).
It is worth noting, however, that Cyprus has one of the highest average annual growth rates in research expenditure, amounting to 10.3% for the period 2000-2022, compared to 4.2% for the European Union for the same period.
Figure 2: Percentage distribution of research expenditure by sector, 2010-2022
By sector of activity, the business sector showed in 2022 research expenditure of €86.5 million or 41.8% of the total, higher education €77.5 million or 37.4%, private non-profit institutions €31.0 million and private non-profit institutions €31.0 million. or 15.0% and the public sector €12.0 million or 5.8%, compared to shares of 42.2%, 38.4%, 13.4% and 6.0% respectively in 2021 (Figure 2), while the manufacturing industry, in particular the production of basic pharmaceuticals and pharmaceutical preparations and the manufacture of computers, electronic and optical products and electrical equipment, made a significant contribution with €25.2 million.
Public resources funded 22.1% of research activity in 2022 (€45.8 million), compared to €46.4 million or 23.3% in 2021, with €27.2 million coming from the budget of public universities and €45.2 million from external sources, including European Union funds. An amount of €88.8 million or 42.9% of the total came from the private sector compared to €81.9 million or 41.0% of the total in 2021 (Figure 3).
Figure 3: Research expenditure by funding source, 2022
Most of the research expenditure was concentrated in the sciences (€92.8 million), while engineering absorbed €65.3 million, social sciences €22.1 million, medical sciences €10.2 million, agricultural sciences €8.9 million and humanities €7.6 million.
The number of people employed in research activities in 2022 was 4,241, compared to 4,209 in 2021. In terms of full-time equivalent employment, this number was estimated at 2,262 people, of which 890 or 39.3% were women. A proportion of 33.0% of the research workforce held a PhD.
Methodological Information
Data Coverage and Reference Period
The data cover all research activities in the government-controlled areas of Cyprus and refer to the calendar year in question.
Data collection
The questionnaire used for each sector of activity is identical in structure and content, with only minor variations to reflect the specificities of each sector. The collection can be considered census in terms of research expenditure and potential.
Methodology
Data collection is carried out in accordance with the provisions of Regulation (EU) 2019/2152 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 November 2019 concerning European business statistics. It is based on the definitions, concepts and methodology of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development's "Frascati Manual", which is the international standard for conducting surveys in this area and is also used by the Statistical Office of the European Union (Eurostat).
Definitions
Scientific research and experimental development: is creative work, undertaken in a systematic way, with a view to contributing to increasing the stock of knowledge, including knowledge about man, culture and society, and to using this stock to devise new applications.
Research expenditure: is the total expenditure, current and capital, allocated to research within a research unit or sector of the economy, irrespective of its source. Also included is expenditure incurred outside the research unit or sector in support of the research activity.
Research personnel: all persons who contribute directly to the realisation of the research project, as well as those who provide various services, such as administrative and secretarial staff. Research staff are divided into researchers, technicians and support staff.
Full-time equivalent: expresses the total time spent by a person on research during a year. The unit of measurement is the person-year, which expresses the full time spent on research by an individual over a year.
Public sector: includes (a) all departments, agencies and other bodies which provide, but do not sell, services to the public, other than higher education, which cannot otherwise be satisfactorily and economically provided, and which contribute to the administration of the state and the formulation of economic and social policy; (b) non-profit institutions controlled and financed by the government. Public enterprises are included in the business sector.
Business sector: includes (a) all companies, organizations and institutions whose principal activity is the production of goods or services, other than higher education, and the making available for sale to the public, (b) the private non-profit institutions that serve them.
Higher education sector: includes all universities, colleges and other post-secondary education institutions, regardless of their source of funding or legal status. It also includes all research institutes, experimental stations and clinics operated under the direct control of or managed by or affiliated with institutions of higher education.
Private non-profit sector: includes (a) private non-profit institutions serving households, i.e. the general public, and offering non-commercial services, (b) individuals or households.
For more information:
Statistical Service Portal, under Research and Development
Predefined Tables (Excel)
Contact: Tel:+357 22602170, Tel. Tel: gdogoritis@cystat.mof.gov.cy
(AS/MS)
Contents of this article including associated images are owned by PIO
Views & opinions expressed are those of the author and/or PIO
Source
