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The Statistical Service announces the detailed results of the 2020 Census of Agricultural and Livestock Holdings.
Holdings and Agricultural Land
The total number of holdings recorded in the 2020 Census was 34,046, a decrease of 12.4% compared to the previous 2010 Census.
The total agricultural land declared in 2020 was 1,462,879 decares, an increase of 6.2% compared to 2010. Of this, 1,341,359 acres was used farmland (a 13.3% increase over 2010), 83,391 acres was abandoned or uncultivated land (a 43.7% decrease), 32,754 acres was land occupied by buildings such as warehouses, barns, and other facilities, as well as yards or roads within the farm (an 11.1% decrease), and the remaining 5,375 acres was forest land (a 38.0% decrease).
The average used agricultural land per farm was estimated at 39 acres in 2020, an increase of 29.3% from 2010.
The distribution of used agricultural land in the various provinces and the change from the 2010 Census is shown in Table 1 and refers to the location of the land. Based on the results of the 2020 Census of Agricultural and Livestock Holdings, the communes with the largest used agricultural area were Athienu (29.516 dekas), Aradippou (26,799 dekas), Paleometocho (21,220 dekas), Avgorou (20,446 dekas), Xylofagou (17,524 dekas), Xylotympou (16,963 dekas), Meniko (15.705 tens) and Peristerona Nicosia (15.656 tens).
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Table 1 |
[TR] [TD]
District
[/TD] [TD]Utilized agricultural area (decares)
[/TD] [TD]Utilized agricultural area (decares)
[/TD] [TD]Change 2020/2010
[/TD] [/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD]2020
[/TD] [TD] [TD]2010
[/TD] [/TD] [TD](%)
[/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD]TOTAL
[/TD] [TD]1.341,359
[/TD] [/TD] [TD]1,183.981
[/TD] [/TD] [TD]
13.3
[/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD]Nicosia
[/TD] [TD]415.993
[/TD] [TD]370.780
[/TD] [TD]12.2
[/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD]Famagusta
[/TD] [TD]107.392
[/TD] [TD]92.265
[/TD] [TD]16.4
[/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD]Larnaca
[/TD] [TD]383.024
[/TD] [TD]317,046
[/TD] [TD]20.8
[/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD]Limassol
[/TD] [TD]173.549
[/TD] [TD]161,497
[/TD] [TD]7.5
[/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD]Paphos
[/TD] [TD]261,400
[/TD] [TD]242.393
[/TD] [TD]
7.8
[/TD] [/TR]
Holders or Managers of Holdings
97.5% of agricultural and livestock holdings are owned by natural persons (individual or co-managed), 0.2% to the public or a legal person under public law (NPA) and the remaining 2.3% operate as companies, cooperatives or in another form. Compared to the 2010 Census, there was a decrease in the share of holdings owned by natural persons (98.8% in 2010) and an increase in the share of companies (1.0% in 2010), while the share of public or NPIs remained stable at 0.2%.
The 2020 Census showed that 51.7% of holders and household members had agriculture and/or animal husbandry as their main or only occupation, while 48.3% were mainly employed in other sectors of economic activity (compared to 48.9% and 51.1% respectively in 2010).
Men represent 78.8% of all holders or managers of holdings compared to 73.6% in 2010. The share of female holders or managers was reduced to 21.2% in 2020 from 26.4% in 2010.
The average age of holders or managers of holdings remained stable at 63 years as in the 2010 Census. In terms of age distribution, 2.5% of farms were owned or managed by people under 35 years old, 21.1% by people between 35 and 54 years old, 59.3% by people between 55 and 74 years old and 17.1% by people 75 years old and over. The most significant changes observed in the age structure of holders were an increase in the percentage of holders under 25 years old and over 65 years old, while the intermediate ages showed a decrease in their percentage distribution compared to 2010.
The majority of holders or managers of agricultural and livestock holdings (68.5%) had only practical experience, 30.4% had basic agricultural education and only 1.1% had full agricultural education. The corresponding percentages in the 2010 Census were 94.3%, 5.3% and 0.4%.
Land Tenure and Use
Of the total agricultural land used, an increase was recorded in the percentage of rented land as a proportion of the total (from 51.5% in 2010 to 57.4% in 2020), while a decrease was observed in the percentage of privately owned land (from 46.0% in 2010 to 41.6% in 2020). Communal or other land decreased from 2.0% in 2010 to 0.7% in 2020, while mesic land remained stable at 0.3%.
In terms of land use, there was a 20.5% increase in the area of annual crops in the countryside, a 9.8% increase in the area under greenhouses or high access shelters and a 5.5% increase in permanent pasture, while there was a 6.0% decrease in the area of perennial (permanent) crops in the countryside, compared to the 2010 Census.
Of the annual crops in the countryside, plants harvested green (green) and intended mainly for fodder or grazing occupy 38.7% of the total agricultural area in use, with the largest areas cultivated in Athienou (24,809 decares) and Aradippou (23,158 decares). This is followed by various types of cereals for fruit production, accounting for 20.8% of the total, with the largest areas sown in Paleometocho (11,256 decares) and Meniko (9,084 decares).
Significant changes were recorded in the areas of annual crops in the countryside, especially industrial crops, green harvested crops and fallow, which increased by 73.6%, 57.8% and 48.9% respectively compared to 2010. Crops of fresh vegetables, melons and strawberries and flowers and ornamental plants decreased in area by 20.5% and 16.9% respectively compared to 2010.
Of the permanent crops in the countryside, olive groves occupy the largest share of area (9.0%) with most trees located in Lythrodontas (area of 4,457 decares) and Pano Lefkara (area of 1,859 decares). This is followed by vineyards with 4.9% of the total agricultural area in use, with the largest areas recorded in Pano Panagia of Paphos (3,174 decares) and Omodos (2,926 decares).
A remarkable increase of 30.7% was recorded in the cultivated area of nurseries compared to 2010, while there was a decrease in trees for nuts (29.6%), vines (13.4%) and citrus (9.0%).
The largest areas of permanent pasture were recorded in the Paphos district, with Lapithiou at 1,118 decares and Kelokoudira at 973 decares.
The largest areas of crops in greenhouses or under high accessible shelters were recorded in Maroni with 526 acres and in Sotira Famagusta with 525 acres.
Irrigation
The total irrigated area recorded in 2020 was 381,250 acres, a decrease of 6.5% compared to 407,941 acres in 2010. The total area recorded as irrigated decreased by 7.6% to 266,076 acres, down from 287,806 acres in 2010.
Of the area in the field, potatoes, vegetables, melons and strawberries, flowers and ornamentals, and citrus were the major crop categories with over 99.0% of their area irrigated. Among the annual crops in the open countryside, industrial crops followed with 88.3% irrigated area and legumes for dry fruits with 46.5%.
Among the permanent crops in the open countryside, apple and stone fruit trees were the main irrigated crops with 96.7% of their area irrigated, olive trees with 69.5% irrigated area and nut trees with 26.3%. Of the area under vines only 15.5% was irrigated, with the remaining crops depending mainly on rainwater.
Areas in greenhouses or under high accessible shelters and family vegetable gardens are considered to be fully irrigated and irrigated and are therefore excluded from the total irrigated and irrigated area.
Livestock
The main characteristics and structure of holdings directly owning or managing livestock are reported as at 31 December 2020.
The total number of holdings with cattle was 311, an increase of 12.3% compared to 277 recorded in 2010. The cattle population recorded was 83,561 head, of which 28.1% (23,498 head) were under 1 year old, 16.8% (14,033 head) were 1 to 2 years old and 55.1% (46,030 head) were 2 years old or older. The majority of the cattle, 66.4%, were free stabled with solid and water manure management, 4.5% were tied to stanchions with manure management, 10.2% were usually outdoors and the remaining 18.8% had other types of housing.
Only 156 holdings declared pigs, a significant decrease of 75.3% compared to the 631 holdings recorded in 2010. However, the number of pigs remained at the same level with 323,522 head, of which breeding sows (33,612 head) accounted for 10.4% of the total, 36.8% for piglets under 20 kg live weight (119,203 head) and 52.8% for various other pigs (170,707 head). Most pigs, 97.8%, were housed in stalls with wholly or partially slatted/gridded floors while the rest were housed in stalls with solid floors or deep litter or other types of floors.
The total number of sheep holdings reached 1,509 compared to 1,391 holdings in 2010, an increase of 8.5%. The total number of sheep recorded reached 327,882. Of these, 71.8% (235,411 heads) were breeding ewes and 28.2% (92,471 heads) were other sheep.
There was a 20.3% decrease compared to 2010 in holdings managing goats (from 1,990 in 2010 to 1,587 in 2020). The total number of animals recorded was 232,831, with the majority (72.4%) being breeding females (168,518 head) and the remainder (27.6%) being other goats (64,313 head).
The total number of holdings managing broilers decreased by 54.2% (from 2,569 holdings in 2010 to 1,176 holdings in 2020). There was also a decrease in the number of holdings rearing laying hens, by 14.8% (from 7,268 holdings in 2010 to 6,192 in 2020). 68.4% of all laying hens were housed in battery cages, 13.6% in deep litter houses, 11.4% were free range and the remaining 6.6% in multi-level facilities and other types. Of the caged facilities, the majority (90.8%) were with manure management zones.
Organic Farming and Husbandry
The total number of farms and livestock holdings recorded where organic farming and husbandry methods are either implemented and certified or in transition to certification has tripled to 1.250 farms in 2020 from 364 in 2010.
The total area under organic farming in 2020 increased by 173.4%, from 19.987 acres in 2010 to 54,650 acres in 2020. In terms of organic livestock production in 2020, cattle numbered 578, sheep and goats 5,091 and poultry 35,873 head (compared to 4,221 sheep and goats and 1,094 poultry in 2010).
Employment
Based on the results of the 2020 Census, it appears that the total volume of work on agricultural holdings in 2020 reached 4,685,641 working days, equivalent to 19,125 fully employed persons, a decrease of 9.5% compared to 2010. The employment of owners and members of their households decreased by 20.1%, and of seasonal workers by 40.4%, while working days of permanent workers increased by 34.6% compared to 2010.
Of the total number of persons employed on farms (105,187 persons), 66.0% were men (Table 2). Compared to 2010, a number of male employees increased by 1.6%, while the number of female employees decreased by 18.6%.
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Table 2 |
[TR] [TD]
Asmmen
[/TD] [TD]2010
[/TD] [TD]2020
[/TD] [TD]Change 2020/2010 (%)
[/TD] [/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD]Number of persons
[/TD] [TD]Breakdown (%)
[/TD] [TD]Number persons
[/TD] [/TD] [TD]
Distribution (%)
[/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD]TOTAL
[/TD] [TD]112.250
[/TD] [TD]100,0
[/TD] [TD]105.187
[/TD] [TD]100,0
[/TD] [TD]-6,3
[/TD] [/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD]Men
[/TD] [TD]68.293
[/TD] [TD]60,8
[/TD] [TD]69.399
[/TD] [TD]66,0
[/TD] [TD]1,6
[/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD]Women
[/TD] [TD]43.957
[/TD] [TD]39,2
[/TD] [TD]35.788
[/TD] [TD]
34,0
[/TD] [TD]-18,6
[/TD] [/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD]Householders and household members
[/TD] [TD]77.733
[/TD] [TD]100.0
[/TD] [TD]66,353
[/TD] [TD]100.0
[/TD] [TD]-14.6
[/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD]Men
[/TD] [TD]47.227
[/TD] [TD]60.8
[/TD] [TD]43.365
[/TD] [TD]65.4
[/TD] [TD]-8.2
[/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD]Women
[/TD] [TD]30.506
[/TD] [TD]39.2
[/TD] [TD]22.988
[/TD] [TD]34.6
[/TD] [TD]-24.6
[/TD] [/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD]Permanent workers
[/TD] [TD]4.305
[/TD] [TD]100.0
[/TD] [TD]5.993
[/TD] [TD]100.0
[/TD] [TD]39.2
[/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD]Men
[/TD] [TD]3,230
[/TD] [TD]75.0
[/TD] [TD]5.147
[/TD] [TD]85.9
[/TD] [TD]59.3
[/TD] [/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD]Women
[/TD] [TD]1.075
[/TD] [TD]25.0
[/TD] [TD]846
[/TD] [TD]14.1
[/TD] [TD]-21.3
[/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD]Seasonal workers
[/TD] [TD]30.212
[/TD] [TD]100.0
[/TD] [TD]32.841
[/TD] [TD]100.0
[/TD] [TD]8.7
[/TD] [/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD]Men
[/TD] [TD]17.836
[/TD] [TD]59.0
[/TD] [TD]20.887
[/TD] [TD]63.6
[/TD] [TD]17.1
[/TD] [/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD]Women
[/TD] [TD]12,376
[/TD] [TD]41.0
[/TD] [TD]11.954
[/TD] [TD]36.4
[/TD] [TD]-3.4
[/TD] [/TR]
Methodological Information
Purpose
The purpose of the Census is to collect information in order to examine trends in the structure of agricultural and livestock holdings, to provide the EU with the necessary information for the design, implementation, monitoring, evaluation and review of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) and other related policies. The information relates to the structure and types of agricultural and livestock holdings and the characteristics of their holders, the segmentation of holdings, land tenure and use, areas under cultivation, number of animals per breed and age, animal housing, manure application and storage, and rural development measures. Information is also collected on the characteristics of the holders (age, gender, legal status, agricultural training, main occupation, etc.), the labour force of the holdings, including other profit-making activities as well as production methods, environmental aspects, etc.etc.
Coverage
The observation unit is the agricultural or livestock holding or mixed holding, defined as a single unit, both technically and economically, which has a single management and undertakes economic activities in agriculture.
The 2020 Census included every agricultural or livestock holding in the areas of the Republic of Cyprus that had:
- At least two (2) decares of usable agricultural area or at least one hundred square meters (100m²) of greenhouse or at least one (1) decare of vineyards or at least one hundred square meters (100m²) of mushrooms, regardless of the titles of ownership (form of possession) and the place where it is located or,
- Own livestock, namely one (1) or more cows or a total of two (2) or more other cattle of any species and age or a total of five (5) or more "small" animals (sheep, goats, pigs), of any age and sex or fifty (50) or more poultry (chickens, hens, hens, turkeys, ducks, geese) or five (5) or more ostriches or twenty (20) or more bee hives or ten (10) or more colonies.
Data Collection
The Census shall be conducted every 10 years and sampled every 3 years. Data collection for the 2020 Census was carried out during the period September 2020 - May 2021 based on Regulation (EU) 2018/1091 and the relevant EU guidelines. Data collection started with face-to-face interviews and completion of paper questionnaires as planned, but due to the pandemic, the collection method was varied for the period November 2020 - February 2021 and was carried out through telephone interviews.
Reference Period
The reference period for land characteristics refers to areas used from 1 September 2019 - 31 August 2020. The reference day for livestock variables is 31 December 2020. The reference period for variables on labour force is the 12-month period from 1 September 2019 to 31 August 2020.
Definitions
Holder: means the natural person, group of natural persons or legal person on whose behalf and in whose name the holding is operated and who has legal and financial responsibility for the holding. It is clarified that the concept of the holder of the holding should not be confused with that of the owner of the land or animals on the holding. The holder may be the owner of the holding or the tenant or the long-term tenant by inheritance or the manager of a third party's property.
Utilised agricultural area: Includes the agricultural area cultivated or farmed by the holding, irrespective of the form of tenure (owned, rented, etc.).etc.) and covered by annual crops, permanent crops, greenhouses, family vegetable gardens, permanent meadows and pastures and fallow land up to 5 years old. Also included are barren pastures used for grazing livestock on the holding during the reference period.
Annual crops: Areas covered by crops subject to the crop rotation system (crop rotation) are included. These are those crops whose life cycle does not exceed one year. They consist of cereals for fruit production, pulses for dry fruit, plants with roots or tubers, industrial plants, fresh vegetables, melons and strawberries, flowers and ornamental plants, plants harvested green, seed orchards and seedlings, fallow and other annual crops.
Perennial (permanent) crops: These are woody plants, i.e. trees or shrubs, that do not belong to the rotation cycle, occupy the soil for a long period of time and produce products for many years. The products of the various species of trees or shrubs, where they are planted in regular trees or scattered, are usually intended for human consumption. They consist of olive trees, apple trees, stone fruits, fruit crops of subtropical and tropical climates, nut trees, flesh trees, carob trees, citrus trees, vines, nurseries and other permanent crops.
Greenhouses or high accessible shelters: Areas of crops which for all or most of the growing season are in greenhouses or under high cover (mobile or not).
Permanent pastures: Areas of land used permanently (for several consecutive years, normally 5 or more) to grow grasses and herbaceous forage plants for grazing or energy purposes either sown or natural vegetation and not included in crop rotation.
Family vegetable gardens: These are small areas of land that are usually located close to the house of the holder of the holding, separate from the rest of the holding and whose production is intended for consumption by the persons living on the holding and not for sale.
Irrigated area: is the utilised agricultural area that was capable of being irrigated during the reference period using the equipment and the amount of water normally available on the holding, whether irrigated or not. Excludes areas under greenhouses or under high accessible shelters and family vegetable gardens.
Irrigated area: is the area actually irrigated at least once during the reference period. Excludes areas under greenhouses or under high accessible shelters and family vegetable gardens.
Labour force: It is the total number of physical persons who during a growing season were engaged in any way in the operations (managerial, technical or manual work) of the holding required both for each branch of production and for its general needs or for the management of production from the marketing point of view.
Permanent workers: Persons who worked on the holding regularly, all weeks during the reference 12-month period, regardless of the length of the working week, and received remuneration (wages, profits or payments in kind) from the holding. Permanent workers are also persons who worked permanently for part of this 12-month period and were unable to work for the whole period, either because the crops require a few months of employment, or because of illness, military service, accident or death, or because there was a break in employment on the holding in the middle of the 12-month period, or because of a permanent cessation of farm operations due to disasters, e.g. floods, fire, etc.
Seasonal workers: Persons who did not work on the agricultural holding regularly, all weeks during the 12 reference months, but only for a short period of time, or for short periods of time because they are hired only for specific work, e.g. harvesting or collecting potatoes, tobacco, etc.
For more information:
Statistical Service Portal, under Agriculture, Livestock, Fisheries
Predefined Tables (Excel)
Information Graph (infographic)
Contact:
Lucia Alexandrou: Tel: 22605124, Tel. Postal: lalexandrou@cystat.mof.gov.cy
(NΓ/EXP)
Contents of this article including associated images are belongs to PIO
Views & opinions expressed are those of the author and/or PIO
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