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Russia calls its action in Ukraine a "special operation", which it says is not designed to conquer territory but to destroy the neighbouring country's military capabilities and capture those it sees as dangerous nationalists.
Below are some of the key steps Moscow has taken.
Central Bank moves
The Central Bank of Russia has more than doubled its key interest rate to 20% and provided additional liquidity to banks.
It intervened in the foreign exchange market to support the ruble before sanctions limited its ability to do so.
The Bank of Russia has also banned Russian brokers from selling collateral held by foreigners, interest payments to foreign investors holding national debt denominated in rubles, and dividends to offshore shareholders of Russian companies.
Conversion Order
A decree by President Vladimir Putin ordered exporting companies, which include some of the world's largest energy producers, to sell 80% of their revenues in foreign currency to support the ruble.
Restriction on asset sales
Prime Minister Mikhail Mishustin said Russia would temporarily stop foreign investors from selling Russian assets to ensure they had thought it through and it was not a decision driven by political pressure.
Contingency/Contingency Fund
Russia will use money from the contingency/contingency fund to limit its borrowing as sanctions have made borrowing expensive, Finance Minister Anton Siluanov said.
The National Wealth Fund had $175 billion as of February 1.
A government decree also indicated that the fund would spend up to $1 trillion. rubles ($9.45 billion) to buy shares in Russian companies.
Tax Relief, Technology Support
Prime Minister Mikhail Mishustin said Russia will provide additional assistance to technology companies and may modify tax regulations for companies and households affected by the sanctions.
The government will also make additional capital available to small and medium-sized businesses through subsidized lending schemes.
Airspace Closure
Russia has closed its airspace to airlines from countries including Britain, Bulgaria, Poland and the Czech Republic in response to similar moves by those countries.
Source: CNA
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