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The Statistical Service announces the final results of the Population and Housing Census 2021, conducted in the state-controlled areas of Cyprus.
Population by Sex, Geographical Distribution and Age
According to the results of the Population and Housing Census 2021, the total population in the State-controlled areas of Cyprus as of 1 October 2021 was 923.381 persons, 449,708 males and 473,673 females, an increase of 9.9% compared to the results of the 2011 Population and Housing Census, which recorded 840,407 persons, 408,780 males and 431,627 females.
66.7% of the population (615,603 persons) recorded resided in urban areas, while 33.3% (307,778 persons) resided in rural areas. The corresponding percentages in the 2011 Census were 67.4% (566,191) and 32.6% (274,216). Therefore, the population did not show a decrease in all rural areas, although in remote or mountainous communities there was some decrease in the number of inhabitants.
In detail, the distribution of the population by province was as follows: 350,035 persons or 37.9% resided in Nicosia District, 262,157 (28.4%) in Limassol District, 155,765 (16.9%) in Larnaca District, 101,106 (10.9%) in Paphos District and 54,318 (5.9%) in Famagusta District.
Compared to the results of the 2011 Census, the largest percentage increase in population (16.5%) is in Famagusta District, followed by Paphos District (14.5%) and Limassol District (11.4%).
Table 1
| Province | Population |
| 110.2021 |
[TD]
1.102011
[/TD] [TD]% Increase 2021/2011
[/TD][TR] [TD]
Nicosia
[/TD] [TD]350.035
[/TD] [TD]326.980
[/TD] [TD]7,1
[/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD]Famagusta
[/TD] [TD]54.318
[/TD] [TD]46,629
[/TD] [TD]16.5
[/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD]Larnaca
[/TD] [TD]155.765
[/TD] [TD]143.192
[/TD] [TD]8.8
[/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD]Limassol
[/TD] [TD]262.157
[/TD] [TD]235.330
[/TD] [TD]11.4
[/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD]Paphos
[/TD] [TD]101.106
[/TD] [TD]88.276
[/TD] [TD]14.5
[/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD]Total
[/TD] [TD]923,381
[/TD] [TD]840.407
[/TD] [/TD] [TD]
9.9
[/TD] [/TR]
The percentage of the population aged under 15 years recorded is 15.4%, the percentage of persons aged 15-64 years is 67.3% and the percentage of persons aged 65 years and over is 17.2%. The proportion of people aged 65 and over has exceeded the proportion of children under 15 years old, typical of the ageing trend of the population. The phenomenon of population ageing is also observed in most European countries.
The graph below shows the age composition of the population in the last two Censuses. The results show that the proportion of children under 15 years old decreases from 16.1% in 2011 to 15.4% in 2021, and the proportion of people aged 65 and over increases from 13.3% in 2011 to 17.2% in 2021.
Population by Nationality and Country of Birth
Regarding the population recorded by nationality, 719,252 persons or 77.9% were Cypriots, 93,540 or 10.1% were nationals of other European Union (EU) countries, mainly from Greece (4.7%), Romania (2.2%) and Bulgaria (1.8%), while 107.168 persons or 11.6% were nationals of non-EU countries, mainly from the United Kingdom (2.0%), Syria (1.4%) and Russia (1.3%).
Paphos District has the highest percentage of foreigners in relation to the total population of the province (40.0%), followed by Famagusta with 23.6%, Limassol with 21.7%, Larnaca with 19.2% and finally Nicosia with 17.3%.
Of the total population recorded, 688,844 persons or 74.6% were born in Cyprus, 86.026 or 9.3% were born in other EU countries, mainly in Greece (3.8%), Romania (2.1%) and Bulgaria (1.8%), while 142,514 or 15.4% were born in non-EU countries, mainly in the United Kingdom (3.0%), Russia (1.8%) and Syria (1.3%).
Population by Educational Level
The educational level of the population aged 15 years and over, which numbered 780.770 persons, is as follows: 2.0% had not completed primary school, 11.6% had completed primary education, 9.7% had completed lower secondary education (Gymnasium), 36.6% had completed upper secondary education (Lyceum/Technical), 3.4% post-secondary non-tertiary education, 6.0% higher non-university education and 27.6% higher university education (19.8% first degree, 7.1% master's degree and 0.7% doctorate).
There is a significant increase in the proportion of the population with a tertiary university education. In particular, this percentage has increased from 20.2% in 2011 to 27.6% in 2021. The percentage of women who have completed higher university education is slightly higher (28.1%) than that of men (27.1%). The corresponding percentages in 2011 were 20.2% for women and 20.3% for men.
Residential
Of the 492.931 dwellings recorded in total, 354,818 were usual residence, while 138,113 were vacant and temporary residence.
Regarding the geographical distribution of dwellings, 298,020 dwellings (60.5%) were recorded in urban areas and 194,911 (39.5%) in rural areas.
In terms of the geographical distribution of dwellings, 298,020 dwellings (60.5%) were recorded in urban areas and 194,911 (39.5%) in rural areas. 163,350 dwellings ( 33.1%) were recorded in Nicosia District, 132,574 (26.9%) in Limassol District, 82,274 (16.7%) in Larnaca District, 74,473 (15.1%) in Paphos District and 40,260 (8.2%) in Famagusta District.
Compared to the results of the 2011 Census, the largest percentage increase in dwellings (17.9%) is in Famagusta District, followed by Limassol District (15.6%) and Nicosia District (13.0%).
|
Table 2 |
[TR] [TD]
Province
[/TD] [TD]Dwellings
[/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD]
1.102021
[/TD] [/TD] [TD]110.2011
[/TD] [TD]
% Increase 2021/2011
[/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD]Nicosia
[/TD] [TD]163.350
[/TD] [TD]144.556
[/TD] [TD]13,0
[/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD]Famagusta
[/TD] [TD]40.260
[/TD] [TD]34,150
[/TD] [TD]17.9
[/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD]Larnaca
[/TD] [TD]82.274
[/TD] [TD]73.676
[/TD] [TD]11.7
[/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD]Limassol
[/TD] [TD]132.574
[/TD] [TD]114.662
[/TD] [TD]15.6
[/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD]Paphos
[/TD] [TD]74.473
[/TD] [TD]66.168
[/TD] [TD]12.6
[/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD]
Total
[/TD] [TD]492.931
[/TD] [TD]433.212
[/TD] [TD]13.8
[/TD] [/TR]
The diagram below shows the percentage distribution of dwellings by province and urban/rural area.
Of the 492,931 dwellings recorded in total, 491.545 were regular dwellings, i.e. built for residential purposes, while 1,386 were non-regular dwellings, i.e. not built for residential purposes but used as a place of residence by one or more persons (e.g. a shop).
Of the 491,545 regular dwellings, 353,432 were occupied, of which 247,019 (69.9%) were owner-occupied, 74,809 (21.2%) were rented and 17,890 (5.1%) were rented for free accommodation, while 12,397 were occupied in some other way (3.5%).
Households
A total of 357,858 households were recorded in 2021 (compared to 303,242 in 2011), with an average household size of 2.57 persons (2.76 in 2011), 2.51 in urban areas (2.70 in 2011) and 2.68 in rural areas (2.88 in 2011). The province with the largest average household size was Famagusta (2.66) and the province with the smallest was Nicosia (2.51).
Famagusta District shows the largest increase in the number of households compared to 2011, with 29.1%, followed by Paphos District with 20.0%.
|
Table 3 |
[TR] [TD]
Province
[/TD] [TD]Households
[/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD]1.10.2021
[/TD] [TD]1.10.2011
[/TD] [TD]% Increase 2021/2011
[/TD] [TD]Average Household Size 1.102021
[/TD] [TD]Average Household Size 1102011
[/TD] [/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD]Nicosia
[/TD] [TD]137.805
[/TD] [TD]119,203
[/TD] [TD]15.6
[/TD] [TD]2.51
[/TD] [TD]2.73
[/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD]Famagusta
[/TD] [TD]20,424
[/TD] [TD]15.826
[/TD] [TD]29.1
[/TD] [TD]2.66
[/TD] [TD]2.94
[/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD]Larnaca
[/TD] [TD]59.226
[/TD] [TD]50.038
[/TD] [TD]18.4
[/TD] [TD]2.62
[/TD] [TD]2.85
[/TD] [/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD]Limassol
[/TD] [TD]100.806
[/TD] [TD]85.171
[/TD] [TD]18.4
[/TD] [TD]2.59
[/TD] [TD]2.75
[/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD]Paphos
[/TD] [TD]39.597
[/TD] [TD]33.004
[/TD] [TD]20.0
[/TD] [TD]2.55
[/TD] [TD]2.67
[/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD]Total
[/TD] [TD]357,858
[/TD] [TD]303.242
[/TD] [TD]
18.0
[/TD] [TD]2.57
[/TD] [TD]2.76
[/TD] [/TR]
112,305 households (31.4%) consisted of households without a family nucleus, 237.936 households or 66.5% were households with a family nucleus and the remaining 7,617 (2.1%) were households with two or more families.
The corresponding percentages in 2011 were 25.3% without a family nucleus, 72.4% households with a family nucleus and 2.3% with two or more families.
Methodological Information
The Population and Housing Census 2021 was designed to provide complete and accurate geographical coverage of the dwellings, institutions, households and individuals, both Cypriot and foreign nationals, who had their usual residence in the State-controlled areas of Cyprus on 1 October 2021.
The Census is a key source of information and statistical data and is usually conducted every 10 years. It is the most costly and demanding task carried out by the Statistical Service. The previous Population Census was conducted in 2011.
Method of Data Collection
According to the initial planning, data would be collected by conducting face-to-face or telephone interviews in households (traditional method) using a touch screen laptop computer or by the completion of a paper questionnaire by the census takers themselves.
The project would employ approximately 1,000 census enumerators nationwide. Due to the fact that there was not the expected interest from candidates, a much smaller number of census enumerators were employed on the project, affecting the timetable for its completion. In addition, the special conditions prevailing in the autumn of 2021, due to the outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), was another factor that hampered the progress of the project, putting the completion of the Census outside the original schedule (end of December 2021).
Therefore, in order to complete the project, it was deemed necessary to modify the original data collection method. In particular, new methods were adopted, which involved the use of administrative records as additional sources of information and the use of modern technology. The administrative sources, which were used by the Statistical Office for this purpose with the approval of the Data Protection Commissioner, were used to complete the main demographic characteristics of the population, such as place of residence, gender, age, nationality, etc. These sources were mainly the Health Insurance Organisation's Beneficiaries File, the Births File, the Deaths File and the Population File.
The results were obtained both from data collection by the traditional method, through which coverage was achieved for 80% of the population, and from administrative sources for the coverage of the rest of the population. Using administrative sources, full coverage of the population was achieved. The statistical method of imputation was used to complete the information on specific variables.
The use of administrative sources for the purpose of conducting the Census of Population is a practice that has been applied in many European countries for years. According to the latest available information, 38% of EU countries have chosen to conduct the 2021 Census of Population using only administrative sources, while a significant proportion of 35% have chosen to combine the traditional Census with the use of administrative sources (combined Census). The traditional interview method of data collection was chosen by 27% of EU countries.
The Statistical Office's aim is for the database resulting from the Population and Housing Census 2021 to become a Dynamic Statistical Register of Population and Housing, which will be updated on a continuous basis from now on by various administrative sources. As a result, there will no longer be a need to conduct a door-to-door Population Census on the entire population. The Dynamic Population and Housing Statistical Register will form the basis for the production of population data and demographic indicators annually, with the aim of providing direct information and assisting policy-making.
Legal Framework and Data Protection
The Population Census 2021 was conducted in all EU Member States, following common concepts and definitions, on the basis of Regulation (EC) No. 763/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 9 July 2008 on population and housing censuses.
Also, the Population Census in Cyprus was conducted in accordance with the Official Statistics Law of 2021 (Law 25(I)/2021). According to this Law, the data collected are kept confidential and used exclusively for statistical purposes.
The Statistical Office strictly applies statistical confidentiality. The internal procedures resulting from the application of statistical confidentiality fully cover the provisions of the EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), ensuring data protection at every stage, from collection to publication. The data produced are always made public in aggregated form, so that the identity of any persons cannot be revealed directly or indirectly.
Definitions
Population: It is generally a place which by construction is separate and independent, which was built or converted for the purpose of being used for the purpose of ordinary residence, or if not originally intended for residence, was in fact used for that purpose on the Census reference date, e.g. a shop used by a person as a residence. Premises which were originally intended for habitation but which were, at the Census reference date, used entirely for other purposes and not for habitation, e.g. a normal dwelling used as a workshop or company office, were not considered dwellings and were not recorded.
Normal dwelling: This is the permanent and self-contained structure built for residential purposes. It consists of at least one regular room and is intended to be used for the residence of a household throughout the year and was actually used for that purpose at the time of the Census. It must have a direct exit to the street, either through a garden or to a common area within the building. Normal dwellings were recorded whether or not they were occupied at the Census reference date.
Non-Normal Dwelling: This is a dwelling that was either built for the purpose of habitation but constructed of rough materials, and therefore not included in the category of normal dwellings, or was not originally intended for habitation but was in fact used for that purpose on the Census reference date, e.g. a shop used by a person as a dwelling. Non-regular dwellings were recorded only if they were occupied, as a place of usual residence, by one or more persons on the Census reference date
Household: A household may consist of one or more persons, regardless of kinship, living in the same dwelling, jointly providing for their maintenance and having at least one meal together per day. A household is one of the following cases:
(a) Two or more persons living together, jointly providing the necessities for their subsistence and having at least one meal in common per day. A household may consist only of related persons or only of unrelated persons or even a combination of these two cases.
(b) Each person residing alone in a separate dwelling or residing with other persons in a dwelling but not associated with them, i.e. not eating with them, so as to be a member of their household.
(b) Each person residing alone in a separate dwelling or residing with other persons in a dwelling but not associated with them, i.e. not eating with them, so as to be a member of their household.
In most cases, the concepts of family, or family nucleus, and household are identical, i.e. a household consists of one family. There are, however, cases where the concept of a household is broader than that of a family, e.g. a household may consist of a father, mother, children, grandparents.
Tenancy status: We refer to whether it is owner-occupation, renting the dwelling, free accommodation, or some other form of tenancy.
a) Owner-occupied: The dwelling is owned by one of the household members.
b) Rented: We refer to cases where the occupant of the dwelling, or some other person or company, etc., pays rent to the owner of the dwelling.
c) Free accommodation: This refers to the case where the dwelling is offered for free accommodation to relatives or other persons, without the tenant having to pay rent to the landlord.
d) Other mode of tenancy: This refers to the cases where the tenancy scheme does not fall under any of the above categories.
Country of birth: The country of birth of the enumerator was recorded as the country in which the mother of the enumerator resided when she gave birth to him/her. The same definition applied to the country of birth of the enumerator's father and mother.
Nationality: The first and second citizenship of the enumerator was asked where applicable. Persons who declared Cypriot citizenship, either as their first or second citizenship, are shown in the relevant tables as Cypriots. Persons who had declared two citizenships, one of an EU country (other than Cyprus) and the other of a non-EU country, are shown in the relevant tables as nationals of EU countries.
Educational level: For each census respondent who was 15 years of age or older, the highest level of education completed at the Census reference date was recorded.
Family nucleus: Defined as two or more persons within the household who are in a couple relationship (married or not), or a parent-child relationship. Therefore, a family nucleus may consist of a couple without children, a couple with one or more children, or a single-parent family (single parent with one or more children).
For more information, interested parties can visit the Statistical Service Portal, topic Population, CYSTAT-DB (Database), Predefined Tables, Methodological Information or contact by telephone Ms. Loukia Makri at 22602150 or lmakri@cystat.mof.gov.cy, Ms. Georgia Ioannou at 22602144 or gioannou@cystat.mof.gov.cy, and Ms. Koulia Onisiforu at tel. 22602139 or the email address konisiforou@cystat.mof.gov.cy.
(MS/NYAN)
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