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- Ελληνικά
Unemployment 6.3%
Based on the results of the Labour Force Survey for the 4th quarter of 2021, the labour force stood at 473.537 persons or 64.5% of the population (men 70.9%, women 58.5%) compared to 456,101 persons (63.1%) in the corresponding quarter of 2020 (Table 1).
The number of employed persons was 443.937 persons and the employment rate was 60.5% (men 66.8%, women 54.6%) compared to 419,424 persons (58.1%) in the corresponding quarter of 2020.
The number of unemployed persons was 29.600 persons and the unemployment rate was 6.3% of the labour force (men 5.8%, women 6.7%) compared to 36,677 persons (8.0%) in the corresponding quarter of 2020.
Employment (Table 2)
In the 20-64 age group the employment rate was 77.6%. The rate for men was 83.8% and for women 71.7%. In the corresponding quarter of 2020 the rate was 75.0% (men 81.5%, women 68.8%). In the 55-64 age group the employment rate was 65.7% compared to 61.5% in the corresponding quarter of 2020.
According to the breakdown of employment by sector, the largest share of employees was in Services with 81.1%, followed by Industry and Agriculture with 16.5% and 2.4% respectively. For Q4 2020 the corresponding percentages were: Services 78.3%, Industry 19.2% and Agriculture 2.5%.
Part-time employment accounted for 11.2% of total employment or 49,848 persons (men 8.7%, women 14.1%). The corresponding figure for Q4 2020 was 11.4% (men 9.2%, women 13.9%).
Of the total employed, 88.9% or 394,476 persons were employees, of which 12.3% (48,485 persons) had temporary jobs. In the corresponding quarter of 2020, employees accounted for 86.6% of total employment and of these, 13.1% had temporary work.
Unemployment (Table 3)
Among young people aged 15-24, the unemployment rate was 17.4% of the labour force in these ages (men 16.8%, women 18.1%) compared to 19.9% (men 28.4%, women 10.9%) in the same quarter last year.
In terms of duration of unemployment, 47.7% of all unemployed people had been looking for work for a period of less than 6 months, 16.2% for a period of 6-11 months, while 36.1% were long-term unemployed. The corresponding rates for Q4 2020 were 45.1%, 25.2% and 29.7%.
| Table 1 | ||
| | Number | Percentage (%) |
[TR] [TD]
Q4 2021
[/TD] [TD]Q4 2020
[/TD] [TD]4th Quarter 2021
[/TD] [TD]4th Quarter 2020
[/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD]
Labour Human Resources
[/TD] [TD][/TD] [TD]
[/TD] [TD]
[/TD] [TD]
[/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD]
Total
[/TD] [/TD] [TD]473.537
[/TD] [TD]456.101
[/TD] [TD]64.5
[/TD] [TD]63.1
[/TD] [/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD]Men
[/TD] [TD]250.329
[/TD] [TD]244.510
[/TD] [TD]70.9
[/TD] [TD]70.3
[/TD] [/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD]Women
[/TD] [TD]223.207
[/TD] [TD]211.591
[/TD] [TD]58.5
[/TD] [TD]56,5
[/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD]Employment
[/TD] [TD] [/TD] [TD] [/TD] [TD] [/TD] [TD] [/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD]Total
[/TD] [TD]443.937
[/TD] [TD]419,424
[/TD] [TD]60.5
[/TD] [TD]58.1
[/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD]Men
[/TD] [TD]235,698
[/TD] [TD]224.261
[/TD] [TD]66.8
[/TD] [TD]64.4
[/TD] [/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD]Women
[/TD] [TD]208,239
[/TD] [TD]195.162
[/TD] [TD]54.6
[/TD] [TD]52,1
[/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD]Unemployment
[/TD] [TD] [/TD] [TD] [/TD] [TD] [/TD] [TD] [/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD]Total
[/TD] [TD]29.600
[/TD] [TD]36.677
[/TD] [TD]6.3
[/TD] [TD]8.0
[/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD]Men
[/TD] [TD]14.632
[/TD] [TD]20.248
[/TD] [TD]5.8
[/TD] [TD]8.3
[/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD]Women
[/TD] [TD]14,968
[/TD] [TD]16.429
[/TD] [TD]6.7
[/TD] [TD]7,8
[/TD] [/TR]
|
Table 2 |
[TR] [TD]
Employment
[/TD] [TD]Number
[/TD] [TD]Percentage (%)
[/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD]Q4 2021
[/TD] [TD]Q4 2020
[/TD] [TD] [TD]4th Quarter 2021
[/TD] [TD]4th Quarter 2020
[/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD]Co.
[/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD]
Age
[/TD] [TD][/TD] [TD]
[/TD] [TD]
[/TD] [TD]
[/TD] [TD]
[/TD] [TD]
[/TD] [TD]
[/TD] [TD]
[/TD] [TD]
[/TD] [TD]
[/TD] [TD]
[/TD] [TD]
[/TD] [TD]
[/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD]
15+
[/TD] [TD]443.937
[/TD] [TD]235,698
[/TD] [TD]208,239
[/TD] [TD]419,424
[/TD] [TD]224,261
[/TD] [TD]195.162
[/TD] [TD]60.5
[/TD] [TD]66.8
[/TD] [TD]54.6
[/TD] [TD]58.1
[/TD] [TD]64.4
[/TD] [TD]52.1
[/TD] [/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD]20-64
[/TD] [TD]425.032
[/TD] [TD]222.217
[/TD] [TD]202.815
[/TD] [TD]403.751
[/TD] [TD]213.061
[/TD] [TD]190.689
[/TD] [TD]77.6
[/TD] [TD]83.8
[/TD] [TD]71.7
[/TD] [TD]75.0
[/TD] [TD]81.5
[/TD] [TD]68.8
[/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD]55-64
[/TD] [TD]69.340
[/TD] [TD]40,405
[/TD] [TD]28,935
[/TD] [TD]64,998
[/TD] [TD]38,020
[/TD] [TD]26.977
[/TD] [TD]65.7
[/TD] [TD]77.1
[/TD] [TD]54.5
[/TD] [TD]61.5
[/TD] [TD]74.2
[/TD] [TD]49,6
[/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD][/TD] [TD] [/TD] [TD] [/TD] [TD] [/TD] [TD] [/TD] [TD] [/TD] [TD] [/TD] [TD] [/TD] [TD] [/TD] [TD] [/TD] [TD] [/TD] [TD] [/TD] [/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD]
Τομέας
[/TD] [TD] [/TD] [TD] [/TD] [TD] [/TD] [TD] [/TD] [TD] [/TD] [TD] [/TD] [TD] [/TD] [TD] [/TD] [TD] [/TD] [TD] [/TD] [TD] [/TD] [TD] [/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD]Agriculture
[/TD] [TD]10.491
[/TD] [TD]8.730
[/TD] [TD]1.761
[/TD] [TD]10.733
[/TD] [TD]7.652
[/TD] [TD]3.081
[/TD] [TD]2.4
[/TD] [TD]3.7
[/TD] [TD]0.8
[/TD] [TD]2.5
[/TD] [TD]3.4
[/TD] [TD]1.6
[/TD] [/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD]Industry
[/TD] [TD]73.490
[/TD] [TD]59.647
[/TD] [TD]13.843
[/TD] [TD]80.406
[/TD] [TD]66.365
[/TD] [TD]14.040
[/TD] [TD]16.5
[/TD] [TD]25.3
[/TD] [TD]6.7
[/TD] [TD]19.2
[/TD] [TD]29,6
[/TD] [TD]7.2
[/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD]Services
[/TD] [TD]359.956
[/TD] [TD]167,321
[/TD] [TD]192,636
[/TD] [TD]328,287
[/TD] [TD]150,244
[/TD] [TD]178.042
[/TD] [TD]81.1
[/TD] [TD]71.0
[/TD] [TD]92.5
[/TD] [TD]78.3
[/TD] [TD]67.0
[/TD] [TD]91,2
[/TD] [/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD][/TD] [TD] [/TD] [TD] [/TD] [TD] [/TD] [TD] [/TD] [TD] [/TD] [TD] [/TD] [TD]
[/TD] [TD] [/TD] [TD] [/TD] [TD] [/TD] [TD] [/TD] [TD] [/TD] [TD] [/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD]
Complete
[/TD] [TD]394.089
[/TD] [TD]215,253
[/TD] [TD]178,836
[/TD] [TD]371,708
[/TD] [TD]203,664
[/TD] [TD]168.044
[/TD] [TD]88.8
[/TD] [TD]91.3
[/TD] [TD]85.9
[/TD] [TD]88.6
[/TD] [TD]90.8
[/TD] [TD]86.1
[/TD] [/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD]Partial
[/TD] [TD]49.848
[/TD] [TD]20,444
[/TD] [TD]29,403
[/TD] [TD]47,716
[/TD] [TD]20,597
[/TD] [TD]27.118
[/TD] [TD]11.2
[/TD] [TD]8.7
[/TD] [TD]14.1
[/TD] [TD]11.4
[/TD] [TD]9.2
[/TD] [TD]13,9
[/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD] [/TD] [TD] [/TD] [TD] [/TD] [TD] [/TD] [TD] [/TD] [TD] [/TD] [TD] [/TD] [TD] [/TD] [TD] [/TD] [TD] [/TD] [TD] [/TD] [TD] [/TD] [TD] [/TD] [TD] [/TD] [TD] [/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD]Self-employed
[/TD] [/TD] [TD]49.461
[/TD] [TD]30,729
[/TD] [TD]18,731
[/TD] [TD]56.099
[/TD] [TD]36.325
[/TD] [TD]19.773
[/TD] [TD]11.1
[/TD] [TD]13.0
[/TD] [TD]9.0
[/TD] [TD]13.4
[/TD] [TD]16.2
[/TD] [TD]10,1
[/TD] [/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD] [/TD] [TD] [/TD] [TD] [/TD] [TD] [/TD] [TD] [/TD] [TD] [/TD] [TD] [/TD] [TD] [/TD] [TD] [/TD] [TD] [/TD] [TD] [/TD] [TD] [/TD] [TD] [/TD] [TD] [/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD]Employees[/TD] [TD] [/TD] [TD] [/TD] [TD] [/TD] [TD] [/TD] [TD] [/TD] [TD] [/TD] [TD] [/TD] [TD] [/TD] [TD] [/TD] [TD] [/TD] [TD] [/TD] [TD] [/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD]Total
[/TD] [TD]394.476
[/TD] [TD]204,969
[/TD] [TD]189,508
[/TD] [TD]363,325
[/TD] [TD]187,936
[/TD] [TD]175.389
[/TD] [TD]88.9
[/TD] [TD]87.0
[/TD] [TD]91.0
[/TD] [TD]86,6
[/TD] [TD]83.8
[/TD] [TD]89.9
[/TD] [/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD]Μόνιμοι
[/TD] [TD]345.991
[/TD] [TD]187,585
[/TD] [TD]158,406
[/TD] [TD]315,852
[/TD] [TD]171,296
[/TD] [TD]144.555
[/TD] [TD]87.7
[/TD] [TD]91.5
[/TD] [TD]83.6
[/TD] [TD]86.9
[/TD] [TD]91,1
[/TD] [TD]82.4
[/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD]Personal
[/TD] [TD]48.485
[/TD] [TD]17.383
[/TD] [TD]31.102
[/TD] [TD]47.473
[/TD] [TD]16.640
[/TD] [TD]30.834
[/TD] [TD]12.3
[/TD] [TD]8.5
[/TD] [TD]16.4
[/TD] [TD]13.1
[/TD] [TD]8.9
[/TD] [TD]17,6
[/TD] [/TR]
| Table 3 |
[/TD]
[TR] [TD] [TD]
Unemployment
[/TD] [TD]Number
[/TD] [TD]Percentage (%)
[/TD] [/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD]Q4 2021
[/TD] [TD]Q4 2020
[/TD] [TD] [TD]4th Quarter 2021
[/TD] [TD]4th Quarter 2020
[/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD]Co.
[/TD] [TD]M
[/TD] [TD]M
[/TD] [TD]Co
[/TD] [TD]M
[/TD] [TD]M
[/TD] [TD]M
[/TD] [TD]M
[/TD [/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD]
Age
[/TD] [TD][/TD] [TD]
[/TD] [TD]
[/TD] [TD]
[/TD] [TD]
[/TD] [TD]
[/TD] [TD]
[/TD] [TD]
[/TD] [TD]
[/TD] [TD]
[/TD] [TD]
[/TD] [TD]
[/TD] [TD]
[/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD]
15+
[/TD] [TD]29.600
[/TD] [TD]14.632
[/TD] [TD]14.968
[/TD] [TD]36.677
[/TD] [TD]20.248
[/TD] [TD]16.429
[/TD] [TD]6.3
[/TD] [TD]5.8
[/TD] [TD]6.7
[/TD] [TD]8.0
[/TD] [TD]8.3
[/TD] [TD]7.8
[/TD] [/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD]15-24
[/TD] [TD]6.898
[/TD] [TD]3.366
[/TD] [TD]3.532
[/TD] [TD]7.570
[/TD] [TD]5.566
[/TD] [TD]2.004
[/TD] [TD]17.4
[/TD] [TD]16.8
[/TD] [TD]18.1
[/TD] [TD]19.9
[/TD] [TD]28.4
[/TD] [TD]10.9
[/TD] [/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD]25-64
[/TD] [TD]22.543
[/TD] [TD]11,107
[/TD] [TD]11,436
[/TD] [TD]28,854
[/TD] [TD]14,574
[/TD] [TD]14.280
[/TD] [TD]5.4
[/TD] [TD]5.1
[/TD] [TD]5.7
[/TD] [TD]7.1
[/TD] [TD]6.8
[/TD] [TD]7,5
[/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD]Duration
[/TD] [TD] [/TD] [TD] [/TD] [TD] [/TD] [TD] [/TD] [TD] [/TD] [TD] [/TD] [TD] [/TD] [TD] [/TD] [TD] [/TD] [TD] [/TD] [TD] [/TD] [TD] [/TD] [TD] [/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD]< 6 months
[/TD] [TD]14.112
[/TD] [TD]6.083
[/TD] [TD]8.031
[/TD] [TD]16.531
[/TD] [TD]8.636
[/TD] [TD]7.896
[/TD] [TD]47.7
[/TD] [TD]41.6
[/TD] [TD]53.7
[/TD] [TD]45,1
[/TD] [TD]42.7
[/TD] [TD]48.1
[/TD] [/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD]6-11 months
[/TD] [TD]4.792
[/TD] [TD]2.770
[/TD] [TD]2.022
[/TD] [TD]9.239
[/TD] [TD]5.634
[/TD] [TD]3.605
[/TD] [TD]16.2
[/TD] [TD]18.9
[/TD] [TD]13.5
[/TD] [TD]25,2
[/TD] [TD]27.8
[/TD] [TD]21.9
[/TD] [/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD]12+ months
[/TD] [TD]10.696
[/TD] [TD]5.780
[/TD] [TD]4.916
[/TD] [TD]10.908
[/TD] [TD]5.979
[/TD] [TD]4.927
[/TD] [TD]36.1
[/TD] [TD]39.5
[/TD] [TD]32.8
[/TD] [TD]29.7
[/TD] [TD]29.5
[/TD] [TD]30.0
[/TD] [/TD] [/TR]
Note: Possible differences in totals are due to rounding error.
METHODOLOGICAL INFORMATION
Identity of the survey
The Labour Force Survey (LFS) is conducted in all European Union member countries every quarter based on Regulation (EU) 2019/1700 of the European Parliament and of the Council, which entered into force on 1.1.2021. Until 2020, EID was conducted on the basis of Regulation 577/98 of the Council of the European Union. In Cyprus, the survey was first conducted in 1999 and until 2003 it was conducted in the second quarter of each year. From the second quarter of 2004 onwards, the survey is conducted every quarter on a continuous basis.
The aim of the survey is to collect data that are useful for policy making on labour issues (employment, unemployment) and for monitoring and evaluating the programmes implemented by both the Government and the European Union.
Coverage and data collection
The EDR covers a sample of 3.800 households in all provinces of Cyprus broken down by the number of households residing in urban and rural areas.
For comparability of results across member countries, the survey covers the population of private households only. It does not cover persons living in collective living arrangements (i.e. institutions, nursing homes, hospitals, monasteries, etc.), soldiers serving their military service, as well as students studying abroad and Cypriots working abroad.
Data collection by the Statistical Service is carried out through face-to-face interviews and the use of laptop computers as well as telephone interviews.
Recent methodological changes
With the introduction of the new European Regulation on Social Statistics (2019/1700), the SBS is conducted with significant changes in the design and implementation of the questionnaire so that it is fully harmonized with this new regulation. The most important changes in terms of employment and unemployment, in the context of the introduction of the new regulation, are:
|
Employed - until 2020 |
[/TD] [TD]
Employed - from 2021 onwards (persons aged 15 - 89 years old)
[/TD] [/TD][TR] [TD] [TD]
(a) Persons who during the reference week worked for at least 1 hour for pay or profit. Also included are persons working in the family business without pay.
[/TD] [/TD] [TD]a) Persons who during the reference week worked for at least 1 hour for pay or profit. Persons working in the family business unpaid are also included.
[/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD]Persons who had a job from which they were temporarily absent during the reference week:
[/TD] [TD]b) Persons who had a job from which they were temporarily absent during the reference week:
[/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD]- due to sick leave or maternity or paternity leave, - for other reasons with the duration of absence being 3 months or less - for other reasons with the duration of absence being more than 3 months and receiving at least 50% of their salary.
[/TD] [TD]- due to holidays or public holidays, special working time arrangements, sick leave, maternity or paternity leave or work-related education or training, - for other reasons with the duration of absence being 3 months or less, - seasonal workers who continue to perform regular duties for their work during the period of absence.
[/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD]
Unemployed - until 2020 (persons 15 - 74 years old)
[/TD] [TD]Unemployed - from 2021 onwards (persons 15 - 74 years old)
[/TD] [/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD]- People who do not meet the criteria for employment (above)
and
[/TD] [TD]- People who do not meet the criteria for employment (above)
and
[/TD] [/TR] [TR] [TD]- are available to start work within 2 weeks
and
- are looking for work or have already found work that will start in a maximum of 3 months.
[/TD] [TD]- are available to start work within 2 weeks
and
- are actively looking for work or have already found work that will start in a maximum of 3 months
[/TD] [/TD] [/TR]
The above changes to the regulations have not affected the results of the EDC from 2021 onwards. A special study carried out to test the above changes to the regulations shows that the implementation of the new regulation from 2021 onwards has not affected the results of the ADR.
It should be noted that the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) has affected both employment and unemployment, as the measures taken by the state to contain it have affected enterprises of various economic activities (e.g. total or partial suspension of operations). This has resulted in people employed in these enterprises not working for a significant period of time (more than 3 months) and therefore not being considered as employed. It also resulted in people who were not working not actively looking for work (due to the lack of work), even though they were available to work within 2 weeks of the reference week and therefore not considered unemployed.
Definitions
Labour Force / Economically Active Population - The total number of employed and unemployed persons aged 15 years and over.
Employed - Persons aged 15 to 89 who worked at least one hour during the reference week, as well as persons who had a job but were temporarily absent from it.
Unemployed - Persons aged 15 to 74 who meet the following criteria:
- Did not work or have a job from which they were temporarily absent during the reference week.
- They were actively looking for work, i.e. had taken specific actions in the previous 4 weeks to find a job or found a job that will start in at most 3 months.
- They were available to take up work within 2 weeks of the reference week.
Long-term unemployed - People aged 15-74 who had been looking for work for a period of 12 months or more
Inactive - People aged 15 and over who are neither employed nor unemployed.
Labour Force Participation Rate - The percentage of the Labour Force for any category in the total population of that category.
Employment rate - The percentage of employed persons for any category in the total population of that category.
Unemployment rate - The percentage of unemployed persons for any category in the total labour force of that category.
Employment Estimate in the EEA Vs National Accounts
Employment estimates in the National Accounts differ from the results of other surveys and statistics, in particular those extracted from the EEA. In particular, there are differences due both to the combination of statistical data from different sources and to conceptual reasons.
The differences are presented in the file:
Differences in employment estimates
For more information:
Statistical Service Portal, Labour Market subtopic CYSTAT-DB (Database) Predefined Tables (Excel)
The Predefined Tables are available in Excel format until Q4 2021. Thereafter, the data will be available only in the CYSTAT-DB Database.
Contact
Maria Hatziprokopi. mhadjiprokopi@cystat.mof.gov.cy Christoforos Michaelides: Tel:+35722602154, Email. cmichaelides@cystat.mof.gov.cy
(MB/EXP)
Contents of this article including associated images are belongs PIO
Views & opinions expressed are those of the author and/or PIO
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