It has been shown early on that having diabetes diabetes increases risk for COVID-19, while negatively affecting outcome of disease.
Indeed, several studies have demonstrated that the proportion of patients with diabetes mellitus is higher among those with severe COVID-19, i.e. those requiring hospitalization or intubation.
Also, high rates of diabetes mellitus have been recorded among patients who ended up[/B] with COVID-19. Interestingly, there is a clear correlation between glycemic control and disease severity. The risk of severe COVID-19 is higher in people with high glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) before infection. When HbA1c decreases, the risk of developing severe disease also decreases.
On the other hand, it has been shown that COVID-19 disease can deregulate glucose metabolism[/B] especially in people with known diabetes mellitus or a predisposition to diabetes. There were some indications and concerns about the possibility of new cases of diabetes mellitus. A very recent study by the CDC in the US seems to confirm these concerns and even in children.
Doctors of the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Lina Paschou (Assistant Professor of Endocrinology), Theodora Psaltopoulou (Professor of Therapeutic-Epidemiology-Preventive Medicine), Vana Papaevangelou (Professor of Pediatrics) and Thanos Dimopoulos (Professor of Therapeutics-Aimatology-Oncology and Dean of EKPA) summarize the results of this study.
To assess the risk for any new diagnosis of diabetes (type 1, type 2, or other type) within >30 days after acute SARS-CoV-2 infection, CDC estimated the prevalence of diabetes in e patients aged <18 years using electronic health records. Specifically, the IQVIA online database (80,893 patients with COVID-19, mean age 12.3 years, 50.1% girls) for the period March 1, 2020, to February 26, 2021, and the HealthVerity online database (439,439 patients with COVID-19, mean age 12.7 years, 50.1% girls) for the period March 1, 2020, to June 28, 2021, were used. The resulting data were compared with the incidence of new diagnosis of diabetes mellitus among individuals of the same age and sex who a) did not have a diagnosis of COVID-19 during the pandemic or b) who had a pre-pandemic diagnosis of acute respiratory infection but not due to COVID-19.
The incidence of diabetes mellitus was found to be significantly higher among those with COVID-19 compared with individuals:
1) without COVID-19 in both databases and
2) with respiratory infection without COVID-19 in one database.
In other words, one database showed a 166% higher risk of diabetes mellitus in the group with COVID-19 and the second database showed a 31% higher risk. Interestingly, new cases of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes appeared. The possible pathophysiological mechanisms are complex and certainly differ depending on the type of diabetes.
The observed increased risk of diabetes mellitus among individuals <18 years of age who developed COVID-19 highlights the importance of prevention strategies against COVID-19, such as vaccination.
In addition, monitoring for long-term consequences, including glucose metabolism, after SARS-CoV-2 infection becomes particularly important, especially for this age group.
Source: Cyprus Times
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